A "retail investor" is considered any natural person acting on their own behalf and whose operations do not constitute a professional activity in the financial markets. This definition is key for the application of consumer protection regulations and determines the level of advice required.

The historical returns of any financial instrument are not a reliable indicator of future results. The value of investments may fluctuate, and the investor may not recover the total amount invested. Profitability depends on market conditions.

The information provided on this site is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice, investment recommendation, an offer, or an invitation to buy or sell any financial instrument. For investment decisions, consult with a professional advisor.

All investments involve risk, including the risk of loss of the principal capital. The level of risk varies depending on the type of asset, strategy, and market conditions. It is the investor's responsibility to understand and accept these risks before carrying out any transaction.

The services mentioned may be subject to the regulation of different authorities, depending on the investor's country of residence and the provider's location. Disputes will be governed by Spanish legislation and submitted to the competent courts of Spain.